Anders’ Army was the informal yet common name of the Polish Armed Forces in the East in the 1941–42 period, in recognition of its commander Władysław Anders. The army was created in the Soviet Union but, in March 1942, based on an understanding between the British, Polish, and Soviets, it was evacuated from the Soviet Union and made its way through Iran to Palestine. There it passed under British command and provided the bulk of the units and troops of the Polish II Corps (member of the Polish Armed Forces in the West), which fought in the Italian Campaign. Anders’ Army is notable for having been primarily composed of liberated POWs and for Wojtek, a bear who had honorary membership. After two years and with the beginning of the German attack on the Soviet Union, Stalin had to make friends with the Polish government in exile and establish a single command against Germany on the Polish front. According to this agreement, it was decided that in addition to the passage of armed Polish military personnel through Iran, prisoners and people inside the camps will also migrate to Palestine and Africa through Iran. This action was made possible by the violation of Iran’s neutrality and the occupation of Iran by British and then Russian forces on September 3, 1941. Thanks to a remarkable reversal of fortune well over 110,000 Poles, including 36,000 women and children, managed to leave the Soviet Union with Anders’ Army. They ended up in Iran, India, Palestine, New Zealand, and British Africa, as well as in Mexico. Among those who remained in the Soviet Union, about 150,000 Poles perished before the end of the war. The evacuation of the Polish people from the USSR lasted from March 24, 1942, for one week, and then again from August 10, 1942, until the beginning of September. In the first stage, more than 30,000 military personnel and about 11,000 children left Krasnovodsk (Turkmen SSR, present-day Turkmenistan) by sea for Bandar Pahlavi.Starting in 1942, the port city of Pahlevi (now known as Anzali) became the main landing point for Polish refugees coming into Iran from the Soviet Union, receiving up to 2,500 refugees per day. General Anders evacuated 74,000 Polish troops, including approximately 41,000 civilians, many of them children, to Iran. In the second stage of evacuation from the interior, more than 43,000 military personnel and about 25,000 civilians left with General Władysław Anders across the Caspian Sea to Iran. About one third of the civilians were children. A smaller-scale evacuation to Ashkhabad-Mashhad followed, including the large and final group of civilians. The journey of some Poles who came to Tehran was not without danger and some of them died on the way. At the beginning of the arrival, a number of Polish women and children, temporarily outside of Tehran, will be gradually arranged for their travel and movement to another place. Some were also placed in the roofed areas of the Air Force Technical College, empty aircraft hangars, and the officers’ college building. Two weeks later, on May 16, 3,000 refugees were transferred to the Manzariyeh camp in Shemiran. The tents where the immigrants lived were heavily guarded by British, Indian and Polish agents. Meanwhile, some Jewish children did not enter the camp and were placed among Iranian Jewish families. Despite trying to manage the situation properly The uncontrolled entry of immigrants and the lack of quarantine of patients, as well as in some cases the lack of supplies and necessities for immigrants, were among the most important factors in causing disorder and problems at that time. At that time, health problems such as typhoid, typhoid, and tuberculosis had spread among the immigrants, so a medical team was sent to Anzali port to quarantine the patients. The refugees stayed in Iran for about three years and until the end of World War II. Some of them worked as nurses in hospitals. Some of them earned the attention of the Iranian government by performing music concerts and Polish shows and working in cafes, restaurants, companies or in private homes. Some of them also taught Iranian women how to make up and western fashion. Some started sewing clothes, even army clothes, to meet their financial needs and another group was engaged in secretarial work and teaching the Polish language and writing. They also published a newspaper in Polish called “Call of Poland” (Slowo Polskie) and some books from them have been remembered. From the 10th of August 1942, their departure started gradually, and the main base of their departure was the city of Ahvaz and the port of Shahpur. Migrants left for Ahvaz from Bandar Anzali, Tehran, Isfahan and Mashhad. Campello was the last residential camp for Poles in Ahvaz, which was closed in 1945. However, some of them remained in Iran. In addition to cultural and social works, other works of this unique migration remain. At the same time, with the help of the Board of Directors of Hayim Synagogue on Qavam Al-Sultaneh Street, a small synagogue called “Daniel” Synagogue was built inside for the Poles to do their religious affairs. Leave Iran. For those who died in Tehran, Bandar Anzali and Isfahan, special cemeteries were created or they were buried in Christian cemeteries. Statistics show that 639 Polish soldiers and ordinary people are buried in Bandar Anzali cemetery.